Electric mechanism for reciprocating motion



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. S. MoKAY. ELEOTRIG MECHANISM FOR REGIPROGATING MOTION. No. 475,410.\X Patented May 24, 1892.

W12 NESSES (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. s. MoKAY. ELECTRIC MECHANISM FOR RECIPROUATING MOTION N0. 475,410.Patented May 24, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- HENRY S. MCKAY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC MECHANISM FOR RECIPROCATING MOTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 475,410, dated May 24,1892.

Application filed August 20, 1891. Serial No. 403,l93. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY S. MOKAY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Mechanismfor Giving Reciprocating Motion; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.

The principal object of my invention is to furnish a new and usefulelectrical mechanism for operating reciprocating tools, though myinvention can be used for other purposes.

My invention consists generally of such an arrangement and combinationof the electrical and other devices of the apparatus as is hereinafterset forth.

My invention is particularly adapted for a drill or stone-cutting tool,and in such case the armature or armatures should be attached to thetool-stock.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention as applied to adrill, in which Figure 1 illustrates a longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is adiagrammatical detail. Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional details enlarged.Fig. 5 is a detail illustrating the position of the parts when thecircuit is made continuous through both magnets.

A is the cylindrical casing of the machine.

B B are two solenoids of insulated wire inclosed in the casing A at somedistance apart.

0 is a reciprocating armature or plunger, of magnetic material, havingthe swelled portions 0 between its ends, and said armature adapted toplay between and through the two solenoids B B, attracted by themagnetism of said solenoids.

E is a rocking lever pivoted within the easing A between the solenoids Band B and adapted to rock back and forth in the inner casing D and beoperated by the central swelled portion 0' of the reciprocating armatureC.

The two terminals ct b of each solenoid B B are in the form of springcontact-points and extend toward the ends of the lever E. 001'-responding spring contact-points c d extend out from each end of thelever E, and are adapted to come in contact with those of the adjacentsolenoids at one end and at the other end of the lever alternately.

F is the tool-stock, of non-magnetic material, which is secured at oneend to the end of the armature O, which is adapted to move in thesolenoid B, the other end of said stock having an attachment for thedrill-tool e. The outer portion of the tool'stockF reciprocates in acylindrical stationary sleeve G, and the inner end of said sleeveterminates in a circular enlargement or casingf, in which aratchet-wheel g is adapted to revolve. The shank F and armature 0 passloosely through a hole in the center of the ratchet g, and a featherorspline h, extending from the ratchet into said hole, engages with thespiral groove h on said shank and armature. A springdog 1', passingthrough the side of the box f, engages with the teeth of the ratchet gand serves to lock the same and prevent its turning in one direction.During the inward or upward play of the shank F and armature the ratchetg is prevented from rotating in the direction of the spiral groove h bymeans of the locking-dogi, and said shank and armature will conseqentlyrotate during said course by reason of its spiral groove h sliding overthe feather or spline h on the ratchet g.

During the outward or downward movement of the shank F and armature C,said shank will reciprocate in a straight line, and the ratchet g willrotate over the course of the spiral groove h. This ratchet can beplaced at either end of the machine.

Secured to the opposite side of the armature C from the shank F is apiston-rod, of non-magnetic material, having a piston II at its otherend, which is inclosed and adapted to slide in a cylinder I. The outerend of said cylinder communicates with an air-passage J, which iscovered by a valve 7. Said valve is adapted to be opened to admit air tothe cylinder -I by suction through the passage J when the piston H movesaway from said valve, and the valve j to be closed by the pressure ofthe air on the same, caused by the piston H moving toward said valve.The outer end of the cylinder I also communicates with an air-passage K,which opens into the cylinder D, and another air-passage L communt cateswith the central passage of the solenoid B and has its outlet at theconical end of the casing A. On the backward movement of the piston H,or when it approaches the valve j, as the latter will be closed by thepressure of the air, said air not having an opportunity to escapethrough the valve j will be forced by the pressure of the piston Hthrough the passage K, cylindrical casing D, opening in the solenoid B,and passage L, and out through the conical end of the casing A near thetool-stock F. A flexible tube may, if desired, be attached to theconical end of the casing A and communicating with the passage L, and ifthe free end of said tube be placed near the end of the tool 6 the airbeing forced out of said tube can be utilized to blow away the dust andbroken particles caused by the action of said tool.

M is a disk having a series of differentsized eccentric holesZextendingtransversely through the same. This disk M is concentricallypivoted in a transverse slot of the machine-body and extends across theair-passage K near its inlet end, and with each of the eccentric holesZadapted to be brought into line with the passage K by the rotation ofthe disk M. This construction is for the purpose of regulating theoutflow and pressure of the air through the passage K, and consequentlythe resistance of the back of the piston H, the smaller being the hole Zin the line of the passage Kthe more slowly the air will pass throughsaid hole and passage and the greater will be the resistance at the backof the piston H to retard the backward movement of the same.

Communicating withthe lower end of the cylinder I are two air-outlets mand m, the outlet m extending laterally to the outside of the air-casingA and the outlet m extending into the central opening of the solenoid B.The object of said outlets m and m is to allow the air in front of thepiston H to escape from the cylinder I during the forward movement ofsaid piston, and that there maybe as little or as much resistance as isdesired to said forward movement the passage H is covered bya perforateddisk similar to the disk M.

The air which is forced by the piston H through the opening m passesthrough the central opening of the solenoid B to and through the openingof the solenoid B and air-passage K and out of the conical end of thecasing A, and will be utilized to blow away the dust and small particlesmade by the action of the drill-tool 6, just as the air from the passageK is utilized.

The disk V operates, like disk M, to control the force of the blowstruck by the tool by controlling the outflow of the air through thepassage m.

N is a cap attached to the back end or head 0 of the machine-frameandhaving two transverse openings, one of which n communicates with theair-passage J, forming an inlet for the air, and the other itcommunicating with a passage 0 in the head Oand casing A. The

two circuit-wires a: and y enter the passage 0, where they are connectedto the pole-pieces 00' and 1 Other wires g connected to the other endsof said pole-pieces, pass from thence outside of the solenoid B, butinside the casing A to the lever E, and are then connected,respectively, to the terminal spring contacts 0 d of said lever.

P is a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the lower part of the casing A andprovided with a leg Q, extendingparallel with the tool-stock F and tool6. This leg Q is for the purpose of supporting the machine while it isbeing operated. A lateral extension (1 projects outwardly from the leg Qnear the lower end of the same to serve as a foot-rest for the operator,so that the tool can be better braced when being used.

A portion of the outer periphery of the easing A is provided with ascrew-thread 'r and a spring-dog .9, having teeth on its inner endengaging with said thread. A lateralhandle R extends outward from thesleeve 1 above the dog 8 and furnishes means for drawing back saidsleeve on the casing A when said dog is released from the thread 0' byits trigger s.

The casing A and all the mechanism inclosed therein are adapted to beadj usted relatively to each other to a fine degree by simply turningsaid mechanism within the easing A in either direction, theadjustability being regulated by the screw-thread r, riding over theteeth of the dog 8. The wires are brought in contact with each other bythe moving armature O, which armature is attracted by the solenoids B B.To make the circuit in starting the machine it is only necessary to letthe armature 0 drop by its own weight to one end or the other of themachine, which will connect or make the circuit to either one or theother of the solenoids, according to where the armature drops. Theelectric current for energizing the solenoids B 13' passes through thewires a: and y at the rear of the machine to the lever E, and fromthence to the terminals or contacts 0 d at either end of said lever.

The solenoid I is energized so as to form a magnet when the contacts 0 dof the lever E adjacent to said solenoid are in contact with thecontacts a Z) of said solenoid, and the armature (J will be attracted tosaid solenoids, carrying the tool-stock F and tool c and the piston IIwith it, and thusforce the airwhich is behind said piston through one ofthe holes Z in the disk M and through the air-passage K and then to theoutlet near the tool end of the machine. The above movement ofthearmature G will cause the swelled part c to strike the lever D androck or move it, so as to bring the contacts 0 cl at the end nearest thesolenoid B in contact with the contacts a b of said solenoid, when thelever E will be rocked or moved so as to separate the contacts of thesolenoid B and the adjacent contacts of the lever E, when the solenoid Bwill be magnetically energized and will attract the armature G, and thusdrive out the tool-stock F and the tool 6 and carry the piston ll in anoutward or downward direction, forcing the air in front of said pistonthrough the opening on in front of the piston to the tool end of themachine and out through the opening an and disk W, sucking open thevalve j and sucking in the air through thepassage Jinto the cylinder Iback of the piston H. The above operation will then be repeated.

When the swelled portion 0 of the armature is midway between thesolenoids or midway of the lever E, the contacts of said levers will bein conjunction with the contacts of the two solenoids. (See Fig. 5.) Thecurrent will pass through both solenoids and energize the same equally,so that if neither gravity nor any other power be exerted to move thearmature in either direction the pull will be equal at both ends of thearmature and it will remain at rest, with a current passing through bothsolenoids. As soon as thelever E is rocked in either direction thecontacts at one end or the other will not be separated before those atthe other end are in conjunction, and consequently the circuit willnever be broken and the armature will never entirely lose its magnetism.

As before stated, the tool-stock F and connecting parts will be slightlyrotated in their inner movements to enablethe toole to make its nextstroke at a different angle; but said stock and connecting parts willmake their outward stroke in a direct line.

The speed of the movement of the armature and tool-stock in eitherdirection may be regulated by the disks H and WV, as abovedescribed,owing tothe cushions of air formed in front of and back of thepiston and the regulation of the withdrawal of such air.

The reciprocating movement of the piston will cause a blast of air to beforced down within and through the solenoids and through the passage Lto the tool end of the machine, and through the passage-way K, and thesolenoids, said blast acting to blow away the dust and chips caused bythe operation of the tool. During the operation of the machine and themovement of the reciprocating parts there will be a current of airthrough the solenoids and surrounding the armature and tend to keep themcool.

By the adjustment of the spring-contacts a, b and ed and the adjustmentof the lever E the current is switched off from one solenoid to theother before the circuit is broken by the movement of the armature O c.

S and T are two insulating-tubes, the latter being inclosed within theformer and said tubes being inserted transversely in the cap N. Each ofsaid'tubes incloses a pole-piece of some conducting material. Thepole-piece y, inclosed within the larger tube, is also in the form of atube and surrounds and is in contact with the smaller insulating-tube T,and the pole-piece 00 is in the form of a cylindrical core and fills theinner and smaller insulating-tube T. The two polepieces or and y willthus be insulated from each other and from the rest of the machine bythe tubes S and T. Similar tubes and pole-pieces are illserted in theend of the head 0 and are in line with those in the cap N, so that whenthe cap is secured to said head the corresponding pole-pieces andinsulating-tubes will be in contact with each other. The wires to and 3connect with the pole-pieces cc and y in the cap N, and the wires 00 andof leading to the lever B connect with the pole-pieces m and y in thehead 0.

The above construction allows a complete and very tight joint,especially if the polepieces project outward from the cap N or head 0 toenter into the tubesS and T of adjacent part of machine. Saidconstruction also permits of the machine being stopped or operated in amoment by simply separating or bringing the pole-pieces of the head 0and cap N together by unscrewing or screwing up said cap.

That I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination with an electric circuit, two or more electromagneticdevices, an armature adapted to be reciprocated by the magnetic devices,and anon-circuit-breaking commutator adapted to be actuated directly bythe reciprocating armature to alternately change the course of thecurrent to alternately energize the magnets, and thereby cause thearmature to reciprocate without breaking the circuit and without saidarmature losing its magnetism.

2. In combination with an electric circuit, two or more electro-magneticdevices, an armature and rod connected to said armature and saidarmature and rod adapted to be reciprocated by the magnetic devices, anda noncircuit-breaking commutator adapted to be actuated directly by thereciprocating part of the apparatus to alternately change the course ofthe current to alternately energize the magnets, and thereby cause thearmature and rod to reciprocate without breaking the circuit and withoutsaid armature losing its magnetism.

3. An electro-magnetic engine composed of electro-magnetic devices, anarmature and rod connected with said armature, said armature and rodadapted to be reciprocatcd by the magnetic devices, and anon-circuit-breaking commutator for changing the course of the currentfrom one magnet to the other, and the entire mechanism above namedinclosed in a casing, and means for making the electrical connectionsbetween the electrical parts in the casing and an outside electriccircuit.

at. A11 electro-magnetic engine composed of electro-magnetic devices, anarmature and rod connected with said armature, said armature and rodadapted to be reciprocatcd by the magnetic devices, and anon-circuit-breaking commutator for changing the course of the currentfrom one magnet to the other and actuated directly by the reciprocatingpart of the engine, and the entire mechanism above named inclosed withina casing, and means for making the electric connections between theelectric parts in the casing and an outside electric circuit.

5. A11 electro-magnetic engine composed of electro-magnetic devices, anarmature and rod connected with said armature, said armature and rodadapted to be reciprocated by the magnetic devices, and anon-circuit-breaking commutator for changing the course of the currentfrom one magnet to the other, and a pneumatic speed-regulator for saidreciprocating parts, and the entire mechanism above named inclosedwithin a casing, and means for making the electric connections betweenthe electric parts within the casing and an outside electric circuit,and means by which air is admitted to and allowed to escape from thepneumatic regulator. v r

6. In combination with two or more electromagnetic devices, areciprocating armature, a rod connected with said armature and having aspiral groove, the ratchet looselyj ournaled 011 said rod, inclosed inthe casing fiandhaving a spline engaging with said groove, andaspring-dog extending inwardly from said casing and engaging with theteeth of the ratchet g, all as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In combination with two or more electromagnetic devices, areciprocating armature, a piston connected with the same, thepistoncylinder, a pneumatic speed-regulator for said piston, and meansfor controlling the passage of air through the regulator, all as and forthe purpose set forth.

8. In combination with two or more electromagnetic devices, areciprocating armature, a piston connected with the same, thepistoncylinder, and an air-passage leading from said cylinder to thetool end of the machine, all as and for the purposes set forth.

9. In combination with an electro-magnetic engine, the casing A, havingthe screw-thread 0', the sleeve P, and leg Q, the handle R, springdog 3,and trigger s, all arranged and adapted for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY S. McKAY. Witnesses:

HAYES LOUGEE, JOHN G. ROBINSON.

